Bangkok: Thailand has achieved a significant milestone by successfully creating a "swamp buffalo reference genome," which is set to revolutionize precise selection and breeding improvements in the country. The Department of Livestock Development, in collaboration with the Agricultural Research and Development Agency (ARDA) and its research network, has developed a comprehensive genetic data map known as the 'Thai Swamp Buffalo Reference Genome.' This development is poised to facilitate the creation of a national genetic database, enabling the comparison and analysis of genetic differences among individual buffaloes, thereby enhancing selection and breeding accuracy and aiding in the conservation of Thai buffalo genetic resources.
According to Thai News Agency, Dr. Somchuan Ratnamangklanon, Director-General of the Department of Livestock Development, shared insights from the "Research and Development of Buffaloes using Genome Technology, Year 2" project. This collaborative project involves the Department of Livestock Development, ARDA, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Chulalongkorn University, Mahasarakham University, and the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA). It has successfully developed a complete chromosomal reference genome for Thai swamp buffalo, which serves as a model genetic map. This reference genome supports the identification of genetic traits related to desired attributes, informs breeding selection, increases accuracy, reduces breeding time, and serves as a database for conserving the genetic diversity of the Thai swamp buffalo.
The project has also established the administrative structure for the National Buffalo Information Center (NBIC) and developed the E-NBIC data storage and genetic evaluation program. This program supports the collection of genetic, pedigree, and health data of individual buffaloes nationwide. Additionally, efforts are underway to evaluate genetic performance in terms of growth, compile sire summaries, and prepare data for developing a DNA testing kit, or SNP chip, specific to Thai swamp buffalo. This chip will check genetic markers and improve the accuracy of future breeding selections.
Dr. Somchuan highlighted that the project links genetic information to herd management, systematically collecting data on traits, growth, and health. It also establishes a network of model farmers to facilitate the transfer of superior buffalo genetics across various areas, enhancing production efficiency while conserving the genetic resources of Thai swamp buffalo in the long term.
Ms. Piyathida Thiraranarong, a specialist at the Agricultural Research and Development Institute (ARDI), emphasized ARDI's support for research with practical applications. This project integrates the capabilities of multiple organizations to develop knowledge and technology in animal genetics, which can be expanded into national-level buffalo breeding research.
The Department of Livestock Development is preparing to apply the project's knowledge in the field, including genetic evaluation, production of quality breeding stock, and technology transfer to farmers. This initiative aims to increase livestock efficiency while maintaining the diversity and security of Thai buffalo genetic resources over the long term.