Bangkok: News of sudden deaths occurring during sleep among working-age individuals often sends shockwaves through society. These incidents, commonly referred to as "sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome" (SUNDS), are medically attributed to abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system or structural defects.
According to Thai News Agency, to ensure a correct understanding and mitigate panic, it is vital to explore the causes, warning signs, and self-care measures associated with this condition. A significant contributor to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is Brugada Syndrome, a genetic disorder. This condition, caused by a gene mutation affecting the heart's electrical activity, leads to severe arrhythmias that can prevent the heart from pumping blood, often resulting in death during sleep.
The risk of Brugada Syndrome in Thailand is relatively low, with an occurrence rate of only about 0.004%. Statistics reveal approximately 40 cases per 100,000 people, predominantly in the northeastern region of Thailand (Isan). The condition is more prevalent among males, particularly those aged 20 to 50 years.
Individuals with a family history of sudden death at a young age or those who have experienced unexplained dizziness or fainting may be at higher risk and should seek medical evaluation. Warning signs of potential heart issues include palpitations, severe heart rhythm abnormalities, fainting, dizziness, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and loud, rattling breathing noises during sleep.
Modern medical technologies, such as electrocardiograms (EKG), echocardiograms, and genetic testing, offer accurate screening and risk assessment. While there is no definitive cure, treatment focuses on reducing death risk through methods like implanting automatic cardioverter-defibrillators (AICD), medications to control heart rhythm, or cardiac ablation (RFA).
Patients diagnosed with this condition should avoid triggers that could exacerbate severe arrhythmias. These include high fever, alcohol consumption, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and certain medications. It is crucial to consult a doctor before taking medications that might affect electrolyte balance.