Paris: Political conflict over air conditioning in France has flared up again after the country experienced a record-breaking heatwave, recording the highest average temperatures ever. Many believe "France should have air conditioning," while the nation remains divided on the issue, with differing views on environmental factors, culture, and social structures.
According to Thai News Agency, Europe is facing increasingly severe heatwaves every year, especially this year with a top-level heatwave known as the "Omega Block," which is intense and life-threatening. France recorded its hottest day in history, with temperatures soaring to 44.3 degrees Celsius in Pissos, even before the official start of summer. Authorities issued a top-level alert covering 72 out of 96 regions, or more than three-quarters of the country. Nearly 50 people died from drowning after attempting to cool off by swimming in rivers and canals.
Despite the growing demand for air conditioning, cultural beliefs remain a significant barrier. The French have an old belief that drafts, sudden temperature changes, and cold air from air conditioning are harmful to health, a concern encapsulated in the term "le coup de froid." This belief is coupled with a strong environmental stance against air conditioning due to its high energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Political leaders like Jean-Luc Melenchon and Marine Tondellier argue that widespread use of air conditioning is counterproductive to climate change mitigation efforts.
Furthermore, infrastructure and social realities pose additional challenges. Only about 25% of French households have air conditioning, compared to 90% in the United States. The cost of installation, especially in historic buildings with strict regulations, can be prohibitive. A recent poll indicates that over 80% of French people still consider air conditioning environmentally damaging, and more than half believe it is only a short-term solution.
However, the conversation around air conditioning is beginning to shift. Since the deadly heatwave of 2003, the French government has recognized summers as a public health crisis. While passive cooling solutions have been prioritized, they are proving insufficient against rising temperatures. Political figures like Marine Le Pen advocate for a "Plan Clim" to install air conditioning in schools and hospitals and propose government-backed loans for households to install air conditioning.
The tourism sector also pressures for change, as international visitors expect air-conditioned accommodations. Academics note that France's reliance on nuclear power for electricity means air conditioning is less environmentally damaging than in countries using fossil fuels. As a result, the government is adopting a more balanced approach, allowing air conditioning under strict regulations and focusing on sustainable long-term measures like improved insulation and increased green spaces.
As France grapples with extreme climate change and life-threatening temperatures, many agree that increased reliance on air conditioning may become unavoidable, signaling a potential shift in traditional values.